At present, the problem of myopia in children and adolescents is quite serious. In the learning environment, if the lighting conditions are poor, the brightness and contrast of the workbook are too low, and the printing is not clear, it will cause tension in the eye adjustment and affect the normal development of visual function.
A few days ago, the State Administration for Market Regulation and the National Standardization Administration issued the mandatory national standard "Hygiene Requirements for the Prevention and Control of Myopia in School Supplies for Children and Adolescents" (hereinafter referred to as the "Requirements").
The new standard stipulates the hygienic requirements of school supplies for children and adolescents, such as textbooks, schoolwork books, study materials for preschool children, general classroom lighting, reading and writing desk lamps, and teaching multimedia related to the prevention and control of myopia.
1. Unqualified light sources directly damage children's eyesight
According to statistics, each student spends about 60% of the time in the classroom every day. Relevant studies have found that excessive use of electronic products and poor classroom lighting are the main reasons for the decline of students' eyesight.
According to traditional standards, at present, most schools in our country use fluorescent lamps for classroom lighting. Yang Lihua, director of the Wuhan Municipal Visual Defense Center, pointed out that fluorescent lamps are depleted quickly and the illuminance is low. Long-term class under such lights can easily increase the burden on the eyes and induce myopia.
In 2018, the "Implementation Plan for the Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents" jointly issued by the Ministry of Education and other eight departments in 2018 clarified requirements to improve teaching facilities and conditions, strictly follow the construction standards of ordinary primary and secondary schools and secondary vocational schools, and implement classrooms, dormitories, and libraries ( Reading room) and other lighting and lighting requirements, use lighting equipment that is conducive to healthy eyesight. Speed up the elimination of the "large class size" phenomenon. The compliance rate of school classroom lighting hygiene standards is 100%. According to the perspective of the students' seats, the lighting conditions in the classroom and the changes in the students' eyesight, the students' seats will be adjusted every month.
The "Requirements" have clear regulations for ordinary classroom lighting fixtures, requiring that the lamps should have shading, no excessive glare, etc., and also stipulate the maximum and minimum color temperature of the light. For general color rendering index, the output waveform depth of the lamp under the rated voltage There are also limit requirements.
For the multimedia that is often used in teaching nowadays, the "Requirements" proposes that teaching multimedia equipment should not show perceptible flicker, should meet the blue light protection requirements, and the screen brightness should not be too large when used; it also proposes the light output and maximum screen brightness , Contrast, brightness uniformity, brightness, viewing angle, and screen size.
"You must turn on the light when writing at dusk. You can't write or read in a dark place, let alone read in a swaying car." Regarding the choice of electronic products, Ma Jun, director of the Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, suggested that you should choose as much as possible. For large-screen electronic products, the priority is projectors, TVs, desktop computers, laptops, tablets, and mobile phones. Electronic products should choose a screen with high resolution and suitable definition. When using electronic products, adjust the brightness to make your eyes feel comfortable, not too bright or too dark.
2. The implementation of the "new national standard" requires multi-party cooperation
After the standard is promulgated and implemented, it will play an important role in protecting children's visual health and promoting the standardized development of my country's school supplies printing industry. Ma Jun interprets that the "Requirements" are national mandatory standards, which means that after the implementation of March 1, 2022, the quality of all student supplies within the scope of the standard shall not be lower than any one specified in the standard. Item technical parameter requirements. Otherwise, the state will forcibly stop the production and sales of the enterprise, and if the circumstances are serious, the producers and sellers will be held accountable.
"From now on, no matter if it is the textbooks, auxiliary materials, test papers, learning materials for preschool children, classroom lamps, teaching multimedia and other school supplies for children and adolescents provided by primary and secondary schools, kindergartens, and off-campus training institutions, they must meet the requirements for myopia prevention and control. That's fine." Ma Jun said.
Hangzhou Times Primary School stipulates that the font size of the examination papers of the lower grades should be enlarged, and the spacing of the PPT characters should be standardized; all materials are printed in the printing room, and the printing room is responsible for review. If it does not meet the requirements, it cannot be printed. Considering that teachers use more projectors in class nowadays, students will stare at the projection most of the time. The school also stipulates that the text on the PPT produced by the teacher should be ensured that the students in the last row can see clearly from different angles. Chu.
In 2019, my country's health department introduced new classroom lighting standards, put forward rigid regulations on classroom illuminance, color temperature and other indicators, and phased out traditional fluorescent lights. In the smart campus lighting classrooms of some schools in Shanghai, the lighting can "see the sky and change to light" to achieve intelligent control of the school's classroom lighting, realize the fill light mode in cloudy days, and automatically adjust the brightness of the lighting according to the outdoor sunlight.
People's Education Publishing House is the main force in publishing textbooks for primary and secondary schools nationwide. The relevant person in charge stated that the People's Education Society has always strictly followed national standards, and even formulated corporate standards higher than national standards to ensure the quality of teaching materials for primary and secondary schools. "Textbooks and teaching assistants that do not meet the "requirements" need to be rearranged, requiring a lot of manpower and material resources. Our agency will definitely further study the textbooks and teaching assistant layouts on the basis of strict implementation of the new national standards." The person in charge Say.
The family is also an important part of the prevention and control of myopia in students. Yang Lihua advises parents to learn to read the product manual when purchasing lamps. "When students study at home, the desk lamp is a near light source, so they have to turn on a far light source, such as a ceiling light. If the lamp does not meet the requirements of relevant hygiene standards or product standards, parents should replace it in time to create a good visual environment for children."
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